Asthma Inhalers: How to Use Them, Pick the Right One, and Avoid Mistakes

Using an inhaler the right way cuts symptoms fast and prevents attacks. Most people know they need an inhaler, but many miss small steps that make a big difference. Read on for clear, practical tips you can use right away.

Types and what they do

There are two main categories: relievers and controllers. Relievers (short-acting bronchodilators) stop tightness quickly when you’re wheezy. Controllers (usually inhaled steroids, sometimes combined with long-acting bronchodilators) lower inflammation over weeks and reduce flare-ups. Controllers won’t help in an attack—use them every day as your doctor prescribes.

Device types matter too. MDIs (metered-dose inhalers) spray medicine from a canister. DPIs (dry-powder inhalers) deliver powder that you must inhale quickly. Soft-mist inhalers produce a slower spray and need less coordination. Each device needs a different technique to work well.

How to use common inhalers

MDI steps: 1) Shake the inhaler. 2) Breathe out fully. 3) Put the mouthpiece in your mouth and start a slow, deep breath while pressing the canister once. 4) Keep breathing in slowly and hold your breath for about 10 seconds. If you struggle to time the spray and breath together, use a spacer. A spacer catches the spray so more medicine reaches your lungs and less lands in your throat.

DPI steps: Don’t shake. Load the dose if required. Breathe out away from the device, then put the mouthpiece in your mouth and inhale fast and deep. Hold your breath 5–10 seconds. DPIs rely on a strong inhalation to pull powder into your airways.

Soft-mist inhalers: Act like a cross between MDIs and DPIs. Breathe in slowly while pressing the device and hold your breath.

After using any steroid-containing inhaler, rinse your mouth and spit or brush your teeth. This simple habit cuts the risk of oral thrush and hoarseness.

Check the dose counter or keep track of puffs so you don’t run out. Replace or refill before the counter hits zero. Store inhalers at room temperature, away from direct sunlight and heat.

Common mistakes to avoid: spraying without inhaling, not holding your breath, using a controller like a reliever, and skipping regular cleaning. Clean removable parts with warm water weekly and let them dry fully.

See your doctor or pharmacist if you need a reliever more than twice a week (for symptoms, not exercise), if rescue doses stop working, or if you use oral steroids for attacks. Ask for a quick inhaler technique check at the pharmacy—five minutes can fix bad habits and reduce flare-ups.

If cost or supply is a worry, ask your pharmacist about generic options or assistance programs. Only buy inhalers from reputable pharmacies and always keep your prescription current. Right technique plus the right device means fewer attacks and more days you feel normal.